Images in webp format are 26% smaller compared to PNGs and also are 25-34% smaller than respective equivalent JPEG images. It is loss compression process uses the same methodology as VP8 (created by On2 technologies, which is a royalty-free video compression format) for estimating (video) frames. VP8 is based on block prediction & like any block-based codec. VP8 divides the frame into smaller segments called macroblocks. These macroblocks share the following 4 common intra-prediction modes : The image frame is “key” in the sense that it only uses the pixels already decoded in the immediate spatial neighborhood of each of the macroblocks & tries to recover the unknown parts and uniquely identify the macroblock.Within each macroblock, the encoder ( a process to convert data from one format to another, in this case, one image format like jpeg/png to webp) can predict redundant motion & color information based on previously processed macroblocks.You don’t have to remember every technical jargon associated with this technology. H_PRED (horizontal prediction): It fills every column with the macroblock with the generated copy of the left column of the same denoted by L.V_PRED (vertical prediction): It fills every row with the macroblock with the generated copy of the above row denoted by A.DC_PRED (DC prediction): It fills the macroblock with a single value based on the avg of the pixels in the row above A (V_PRED) & the column to the left of L (H_PRED).TM_PRED (TrueMotion prediction): It uses pixel P above & to the left of the block.Horizontal differences b/w pixels in A (starting from P) are generated using the pixels from L to start each row. Google Chrome and all Chromium-based browsers.Versions of Microsoft Edge based on EdgeHTML support WebP via a platform extension that is installed by default.Safari also has added support for WebP format files and images with iOS 14 and macOS Big Sur.Note: WebP can also be displayed in all major browsers using the WebPJS JavaScript library, although support in Internet Explorer 6 and above is achieved using Flash. WebP: Getting started Download the pre-compiled packages for different OS (s) :Īll the WebP packages are available in Google’s official downloads repository. Precompiled WebP utilities and library for download are also available : LinuxĬwebP compresses the image using WebP format. User can convert a PNG image file to a WebP image format with the quality range of 0 to 100 with the following command : cwebp -q 80 image.png -o image.webp Converting Images to the WebP Format using cwebp tool: Note: Animated PNGs and WebP files are not supported. In the above command, the quality compression factor is 80. Using cwebp to compress a 2.1 MiB jpg image to 983 Kib webp image (52% lossless compression) In the below example, using cwebp command without using -q option, so by default, it is 75. To explicitly specify the name of the output webp file. If this option is omitted, cwebp will perform compression but will only report the statistics using “-” as the name of the output file/image name. This option is useful only if the input image/filename starts with an ‘-‘. To specify the compression factor for RGB channels between 0 & 100.
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They have an average lifespan of 8 years.Īs summer in North Texas comes to a close, it is not uncommon-in certain places around Dallas/Fort Worth-to find large kettles of adult and first season juvenile kites marshaling in preparation for their long migration back to South America. Because of the reduced amount of predators in urban areas, Mississippi kites produce more offspring in urban areas than rural areas. Clutches fall victim to storms and predators such as raccoons and great horned owls. Only about half of kites successfully raise their young. The young birds leave the nest another 30 to 34 days after hatching. Mississippi kites nest in colonies and both parents (paired up before arriving at the nesting site) incubate the eggs and care for the young. They have one clutch a year which takes 30 to 32 days to hatch. In the past 75 years, they have undergone changes in nesting habitat from use of forest and savanna to include shelter-belts and are now very common nesters in urban area that are highly populated in the western south-central states. Except in elm and cottonwood, most nests are fewer than 20 feet (6 m) above the ground, and are usually near water. Eggs are white to pale-bluish in color, and are usually about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long. Mississippi kites usually lay two white eggs (rarely one or three) in twig nests that rest in a variety of deciduous trees, most commonly in elm, eastern cottonwood, hackberry, oak, and mesquite. Courtship displays are rare, however individuals have been seen guarding their nests from competitors. Mississippi kites are monogamous, forming breeding pairs before or soon after arriving at breeding sites. Wikipedia elaborates on the breeding habits of the Mississippi Kite in this way… They migrate back to North Texas each year in order to nest and raise their young. They overwinter deep in the interior of South America. Just be sure you don’t walk too close to their nests.Mississippi Kites are in North Texas during our summer months. They’re very much at home in towns and cities and can provide thousands of hours of bird-watching entertainment. They’re originally native to the open prairies of southern Kansas, but they’ve gradually expanded their range northward as far as Kansas City and Hays. Black and light gray in color, Mississippi kites are generally seen soaring effortlessly more than crossing the sky with rapid wingbeats. They’re smaller than most birds of prey, with bodies about 14 inches long, and wingspans stretching to about 31 inches. Most of the birds will depart on annual southward migrations in mid-September, and return to Kansas in late April. There have been a few times, though, when contact has been made and someone has hurried home with a little blood coming from their scalp. Most times their dives pull up a few feet short of hitting the perceived intruder. Mississippi kites are some of the most territorial birds in Kansas and become very protective when they have young in their nests. It’s not quite as much fun, though, when the birds are dive-bombing you while you cross your backyard or walk down a sidewalk. These graceful birds of prey often soar high overhead, sometimes as many as 30 or more in a group, as they snatch assorted flying insects from the air. It’s usually a joy to see Mississippi kites flying through the Kansas sky. Our responsibility will be up to the point of handover within Singapore. *Note: As this is a third-party service not in our affiliation, the customer and the service will be responsible for all cost/ packing/ management etc of the international delivery. Otherwise, we will have to cancel and refund your order.įor preorders that are successfully allocated to you or orders with ready stocks, in the event you are not able to collect in Singapore or provide a Singapore address for delivery after all, we will not be able to arrange for international shipping on your behalf and reserve the right to cancel your allocation. If you are located overseas but manage to secure a delivery/ forwarding service* with a Singapore address that we can deliver to, we will be able to keep your order. Unfortunately, we do not provide international shipping at the moment. International delivery (outside Singapore) Please contact with us before making a purchase to ensure your order can be fulfilled satisfactorily. Delivery cost will be as determined by the service and paid for by you. Where possible, we can arrange for same-day shipping via Lalamove or GrabExpress. 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View shipping policy View shipping policy The Pokémon TCG: Hidden Fates Elite Trainer Box includes:ġ0 Pokémon TCG: Hidden Fates booster packsĪ full-art foil promo card featuring Moltres & Zapdos & Articuno- GXĦ5 card sleeves featuring Moltres & Zapdos & ArticunoĪ player's guide to the Hidden Fates expansionĢ acrylic condition markers and 1 acrylic TAG TEAM GX markerĪ collector's box to hold everything, with 4 dividers to keep it organizedĪ code card for the Pokémon Trading Card Game Online Your fate will shine bright with the Pokémon TCG: Hidden Fates Elite Trainer Box! To help get you into the game, there are handy accessories like dice and condition markers, plus a player's guide that features a handy card list and useful strategies to take into battle. In addition to ten Hidden Fates booster packs, you can soar to new heights with a full-art foil promo card featuring the first TAG TEAM trio, Moltres & Zapdos & Articuno- GX! The box also includes card sleeves featuring this Legendary trio that will keep your cards looking pristine, along with plenty of Energy cards. A wild set loaded with all-time favorites, the Pokémon TCG: Hidden Fates expansion is a collector's dream and a player's paradise! The Pokémon TCG: Hidden Fates Elite Trainer Box contains everything you need to get started collecting this unique new expansion. If you select the wrong product, your entry will not be accepted.Īll text and images � N3V Games Pty. Enter your product serial number and make sure that you select the appropriate product from the available options. Simply login to your current Planet Auran profile, and select “Serial No.” at the left of the screen. If you receive this message and there is no possibility that anyone else would have registered your Serial Number, please notify want to register my latest Trainz purchase at Planet Auran. Serial number has already been registered: A Serial Number can only be registered once.Serial number not found: You have entered your Serial Number incorrectly, please check the Serial Number character by character and try and resubmitting.Once the form is submitted you will be given an indication if your Serial Number has been accepted, here are some messages you may receive if your Serial Number is not accepted: Here you can enter in your Serial Number in the form provided. Select the Serial Number option from the left menu on your Profile page. You can register your Trainz Serial Number by logging into your Planet Auran profile. Once logged in, you can change your profile details and give a more detailed description about yourself and your interests. To check your username and password log in. If you are prompted to enter in an activation number, it can be found in the email sent to you.You should receive the email within 10-20minutes, however, some ISPs may take longer.This will open a window, which will open Planet Auran. You will be sent an email with a verification link on it, click on the link.NOTE: At this point you may be prompted that some fields where not entered in correctly, use the back button on this page to go back so you can modify the form and resubmit it. On this page you will have to fill in a form and select a couple of preferences, once completed click the submit button. This will take you to the registration page. Once the popup has loaded, click on the registration button in the top left menu.Click on any of the Planet Auran links on our site, this will open up a popup window.(Planet Auran links can be found on the front page and also on the bottom navigation bar).To become a Planet Auran member you need to: The serial number starts with AUTR or AUTC. If you purchased UTC, the serial number could be inside the CD case, but underneath the Paint Shed CD. You can find your serial number on either the back of the CD case, the inside top right hand corner if it was packaged in a DVD case, or on the front page of the manual. I want to register my latest Trainz purchase at Planet Auran. How do I register my Trainz Serial Number so that I can use Download Station and post to all of the forum areas? That's where the expression in the return statement comes from. int rejThreshold (orig > 3) & 0x1F > is the 'shift right' operator. by 8-5 ), and set the three upper bits to zero using bitwise AND operation, like this: byte orig. The result is then zero if the bit we're checking was zero, or non-zero if it was one. To get a value of the five most significant bits in a byte as an integer, shift the byte to the right by 3 (i.e. The single one bit in the mask will basically let the equivalent bit in the value flow through to the result. You can see that all the zero bits in the mask result in the equivalent result bits being zero. If you want to set the Nth bit of a number to 1: mask 1 << n if n is 3, mask results in 00001000 bytevalue bytevalue or mask. Decimal BinaryĤ 0000 0100 (the bitmask for the third-from-least bit).Ġ000 0100 (the result of the AND operation). Let's say you have the value 13 and you want to see if the third-from-least-significant bit is set. The expressions most significant bit first and least significant bit at last are indications on the ordering of the sequence of the bits in the bytes sent over a wire in a serial transmission protocol or in a stream (e.g. The relevant table is: AND | 0 1įor a given char value, we use the single-bit bit masks to check if a bit is set. The AND operation & will set a bit in the target only if both bits are set in the tewo sources. The simplified AND-only version is below. If you want to know how the bitwise operators work, see here. The number one mantra in optimisation is "Measure, don't guess!" Just make sure you benchmark any solution you're given, including this one (a). And if you make it static and suggest inlining, or force it inline as a macro definition, you can even bypass the cost of a function call. Do not pass in an invalid n, that'll be undefined behaviour.Īt insane optimisation level -O3, gcc gives us: isNthBitSet: pushl %ebp No error checking is done since you cited speed as the most important consideration. If those assumption are incorrect, it simply comes down to expanding and/or re-ordering the mask array. This assumes 8-bit bytes (not a given in C) and the zeroth bit being the highest order one. Many systems used bank switching approaches to allow programs to access more memory than the processor could natively address.The following function can do what you need: int isNthBitSet (unsigned char c, int n).For example SDRAM uses the same address lines twice to send a "row address" and a "column address". Some busses multiplex different signals on the same lines.This requires further addressing which may or may not be handled by bits of the main address bus. Some busses allow the movement of varying size data units.a 'bit' is atomic: the smallest unit of storage A bit stores just a 0 or 1 'In the computer it's all 0's and 1's'. In this section, we'll learn how bits and bytes encode information. The "word size" of the processor is not nessacerally the same as the width of the memory data bus or the smallest addressable unit of memory. At the smallest scale in the computer, information is stored as bits and bytes.Many processors do not have a dedicated IO map, so parts of the memory address space may need to be used for things other than memory.Some of the ways in which real systems can be more complicated than this include. The reality is more complicated and to give a definitive answer requires more information. This however reflects a rather oversimplified worldview. So we can address a 524288 bit (65536 octet) memory." "16 bits can address 2^16 memory locations, each location is 8 bits. There are two sides to this, what your instructor probablly wants you to tell him and what the reality is.įirst what your instructor probablly wants you to tell him. That step eliminates confusion and makes problems like this trivial. Of what? 8-bit words, making it (still) 64ki bytes of addressable RAM. A memory management unit might use 16-bit addresses and have 20-bit hardware address, so the CPU needs to switch and map things to make use of the actual 20-bit address range of RAM chips that can be addressed.īe sure to specify units in your answers. mentioned by others are not relevant here. (If an instruction wanted 1 byte, it would dispatch the address with the least bit missing, fetch both bytes in that step, then look at the least bit of the desired address to decide which half to use.) It only needs 32ki addresses and always gets 2 bytes with each location. But it has 15 bits of address bus and 16 bits of data bus. It uses 16-bit addresses in its instructions, and like your example has 64ki. The word size here may or may not match the CPU computation unit size, and this may or may not match the logical granularity in addressing.įor example, a CPU may advertise a 16-bit bus (for this purpose). There are 16 bits gling out to the memory so it can choose 64ki locations. In context, the word size goes with the address size to describe the memory bus. |